The Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy’s (BFAP) latest report, Agriculture in South Africa in the Democratic Era: 1994-2024, highlights three decades of transformation, resilience, and challenges within the agricultural sector. Released on 12 February 2025, the report provides a comprehensive analysis of key trends, successes, and areas for improvement in the industry.
Agricultural Growth and Productivity Boom
One of the most striking takeaways from the report is the doubling of agricultural output since 1994. This has been fuelled by technological advancements, genetic improvements in crops, and more efficient farming practices. Maize yields, for instance, are on track to quadruple since the early 1990s, positioning South Africa as a self-sufficient producer of soybeans, which has significantly benefited intensive livestock farming.
Johann Kotzé, CEO of AgriSA, praised the sector’s adaptability: “South African farmers have demonstrated remarkable resilience and innovation. The expansion in crop yields and efficiency improvements reflect our commitment to sustainable agricultural practices.”
Export Growth Amid Domestic Stagnation
With domestic economic challenges limiting local market growth, the agricultural sector has successfully pivoted towards exports. South Africa benefits from zero-tariff access to the UK and EU markets, boosting the country’s position as a major exporter of fresh fruit, tree nuts, and wine. Horticulture, in particular, has seen significant expansion, with citrus, grapes, and apples leading the charge.
Kotzé noted, “Trade agreements have played a crucial role in our ability to compete globally. Ensuring continued access to international markets is essential for sustaining this momentum.”
The Shift Toward Intensive Livestock Farming
The livestock sector has seen a notable shift from extensive farming (beef and sheep on rangelands) to intensive production systems such as poultry, pork, and dairy. This transition has been facilitated by domestic soybean production, which has reduced reliance on imported animal feed. However, biosecurity risks, such as foot-and-mouth disease, remain a significant concern for meat exports.
Labour Productivity and Employment Stability
Despite concerns over rising labour costs, employment levels in the sector have remained stable. At the same time, agricultural output has surged, indicating improved labour productivity. The growth of labour-intensive horticulture has also played a role in supporting job retention in rural areas.
Policy and Infrastructure Challenges
While policy reforms have sought to enhance inclusivity between established commercial farmers and emerging black farmers, implementation has faced challenges. The report highlights the gradual progress in land reform, noting that while 25% of commercial farmland has been transferred, additional support and investment are needed to maximise its productivity.
Infrastructural challenges, particularly poor rural roads, unreliable electricity supply, and limited irrigation, have further hindered agricultural expansion. Kotzé emphasized, “For the sector to sustain its success, we need a government that prioritises practical policy implementation and investment in infrastructure.”
Future Outlook
Despite ongoing challenges, the South African agricultural sector has shown resilience and innovation. The key to future success lies in enhancing market access, ensuring reliable infrastructure, and supporting sustainable farming practices. As South Africa navigates the next phase of its agricultural journey, the sector’s role in food security, employment, and economic stability remains more vital than ever.
Read the Report: https://www.bfap.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Agriculture-in-South-Africa-in-the-democratic-era_F.pdf